Talking about orientation, training, and development today. Arrived late to class.
Orientation is the process of introducing employees to the culture and practices of the company. Best done with a combination of line workers and HR support.
Socialization is helping a new employee fit into the organizational culture. It goes along with the orientation, usually, but is more focused on fitting in smoothly with the existing people, rather than conveying information.
Training and Development Process
- Needs Analysis/Performance Analysis – Figure out what needs to be trained
- Instructional Designs – Figure out how to teach it
- Validation – Make sure it is effective
- Implementation – Roll out the plan
Training Techniques
- On the Job Training – OJT — Most common method of training. Every job is likely to have some sort of OJT. It’s also the easiest to go wrong on. Good OJT has to be actual training, not just throwing an employee into the work area to sink or swim.
- Apprenticeship Training – A very specific term for these purposes. Only refers to an actual course of instruction with a licensed master of a craft. Common in some skilled trades, i.e. plumbing, electrical work, and so forth.
- Simulated Training – Training conducted with replicas of real equipment and situations. Common in high-value dangerous jobs; airplane pilots, for instance.
- Audio Visual and Distance Learning Techniques – Use of films, computer-based techniques, teleconferencing, and so forth to train. Helps reduce strain on human trainers, and may allow training when an expert is not available.
- Computer-Based Training – Using a computer and related technology for training. May involve expert systems. Used frequently for training in computer application use.
- Learning Portals –
Managerial Development — Programs to improve future managerial performance by improving knowledge, skills, or attitudes
- OJT – Still the most common technique. Still the easiest to get wrong. May involve job rotation, coaching from more experienced managers, action learning.
- Case Study Method – Take a real-world situation, and evaluate it to figure out what problems and issues exist and how to deal with those things.
- Management Games – Essentially simulated management situations, with an element of competition
- Outside Seminars – Getting information from outside speakers or instructors
- University Programs
- Behavioral Modeling
- In-House Development Centers
Organizational Development – Aims to change the attitudes, beliefs, and values of the whole organization.
- Action Research
- Sensitivity Training
- Team Building
High Performance Organization – High performance organizations learn continually, and their employees learn continually.